Sunday, November 30, 2008

Chocolate

Chocolate A Bittersweet Saga of Dark and Light
By Mort Rosenblum
Comments
1. And everyone in this small world is stocking up with chocolate for the holidays - only Hershey's Michael Weller alimni director, takes three bars from his drawer. They owe everything to this chocolate. It may not be the best in the world, but who dares to say so? This is still Hershey's best kept secret.
2. My discovery was no accident. I had gone to the Ivory Coast to find out what war might do to the world's principal cacao crop. Fine chocolate depends on pampered beans from small peoduction plantations in South America and Madigascar. But that was a small part of picture. The big factories like Hershey, consume nearly a million tons a year of foratero from West Africa's chocolate coast.
3. Cacoa farming is hard enough on orderly plantations, where crews can work methodically, with some gasoline - powered help and facilities for drying the beans. For dirt - poor African farmers, conditions range from primitive to prehistoric.
4. "It takes years to build a plantation," he said. "It cannot be forced or pushed too quickly, or there'll be an imbalance. And without balance, it is a disaster. Each step must be taken carefully, with thought toward the next. Above all you have to think of yourself as immortal.
5. Coffee is not easy to grow, but cacao is a killer. The first trees in Africa were planted in 1822, right next to Terreiro Velho, by Portuguese settlers who brought seedlings from Brazil.
Questions -
1. What did the director from Hershey's mean that it was their "Best kept Secret?"
2. What war is going on in Africa that the author was afraid of?
3. Why are the plantations so poor when companies like Hershey's are buying tons of cacao?
4. What made the Portuguese bring the seedlings from Brazil?
Vocabulary -
1. painstakingly - careful and diligent effort.
2. blasphemy - an act of cursing or reviling God.
3. irreparable -not reparable; incapable of being rectified, remedied, or made good: an irreparable mistake.
literary terms -
settings - the Ivory Coast and Madigascar.
exposition - plantations throughout Africa.
Outline -
Next to coffee, the cacao plant is one of the most popular to grow in Africa. It is also the hardest because it takes a lot of hard work and needs the most attention of any plant there is. The farmers work very hard and under extreme conditions. A lot goes into that bar of chocolate we take for granted.

Wednesday, November 19, 2008

Chocolate

Chocolate A Bittersweet Saga of Dark and Light
Comments -
1.By the late 1800's, Europeans were used to chocolate, and they wanted more. It was time for industrial advances. Germans were early masters of big chocolate. Five brothers named Stollwerck were obsessed with finding better ways to do things at their fast growing factory.
2. In the United States, Forest Mars and his sons fought bitterly among themselves before shaping a company that squared off against a common foe, Hershey. Their war was over market share.
3. These days, the company Nestle built now counts $65.5 billion a year in sales, and about 12 percent of that is chocolate. Nestle nearly bought Hershey Foods in 2002 for something close to $11 billion.
4. Big producers use complex production chains to ensure clean and consistent repititions of exactly what is ordered. The Mars family loses no sleep worrying that someone will stamp an off-center m on one of their little candies. A Cadbury bar tastes pretty much the same, anywhere and anytime, over its very long life span.
5. The success of Godiva is partly because so many people believe that Belgian chocolate is superior to all others. From my first day on the chocolate trail, I was obsessed by this obvious and overriding question: Who does make the best chocolate?
Questions -
1. With such a large market, why is there so much competition?
2. What started the feud between Mars and Hershey?
3. Why do people believe that foreign chocolate is superior to American?
4. What is the major difference between dark and milk chocolate?
Vocabulary -
1.inexplicably - not explicable; incapable of being accounted for or explained.
2. genteel - well-bred or refined; polite; elegant; stylish.
3. conglomerates - a corporation consisting of a number of subsidiary companies or divisions in a variety of unrelated industries, usually as a result of merger or acquisition.
Literay Terms -
1.settings - factories throughout Europe and the US.
2.exposition - All throughout Europe, chocolatiers experiment with chocolate and elements from their own country.
Outline -
Chocolatiers experiment and have great success' throughout Europe and the United States. The competition becomes fierce with undercutting and stealing of ideas. Major companies feud with each other while tryingt to become number 1.

Chocolate

Chocolate A Bittersweet Saga of Dark and Light
By Mort Rosenblum
Comments -
1. A half millenium ago, a canoe full of Indians rowed out to an ungainly floating house anchored at Guanaja, a palm-flecked island off thre Honduran coast. Christopher Columbus had stopped by on the way home from his fourth and last trip to America, still hopeful he might find useful riches beyond an expanse of alien real estate. The Indians offered what he took to be a handful of shriveled almonds. He was mystified when a few dropped to the bottom of their canoe, his son reported later, and "they scrambled for them as though they were eyes that had fallen out of their headfs." But Columbus's Mayan was no better than the natives' Spanish. He returned to Spain empty handed.
2. Beyond industrial candymakers with brands we all recognize, chocolate comes in two flavors. There are those who make chocolate from beans, from the Swiss-based behemoth Barry Callebaut to such specialists as Valrhona. And there are artisansknown as fondeurs - the word means "melters" - who turn this base chocolate into high art.
3. Spain dominated the early cacao trade. As demand increased for chocolate in Europe, kings in Madrid kept close watch on their lucrative crop. After a century, though, their monopoly was threatened. Portuguese colonizers grew cacao in Brazil, and Dutch sailors also brought trees to Southeast Asia.
4. Chocolate, coffee, and tea all captivated Europe at about the same time, and each made its impact. Coffee, the cheapest, was a man's drink, taken in clublike public houses along with another exotic import, tobacco. Tea was twice as expensive as coffee, with more genteel following among both males and females. But, after all, it was only hot water and wet leaves. Chocolate, at double the price of tea, was the noble newcomer.
5. In 1875, after eight years of trying, the Swiss inventor Daniel Peter worked out a way to combine milk with chocolate. He was helped by Henri Nestle, whose dabbling in dairy science evolved into the largest food empire on earth. No 0ne had been able to mix fat in chocolate with water in milk. Nestle condensed milk, eliminating the water.
Questions -
1. Since Columbus' men loved the chocolate so much, why didn't they try to find out what it was or try to get some to bring back with them?
2. What made chocolate such a big deal throughout Europe?
3. What made Nestle think that adding milk to chocolate would make it taste better?
4. Why is chocolate compared to coffee and tea?
Vocabulary -
1. artisans - A skilled manual worker; a craftsperson.
2. alchemy - a form of chemistry and speculative philosophy practiced in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance and concerned principally with discovering methods for transmuting baser metals into gold and with finding a universal solvent and an elixir of life.
3. lucrative - profitable; moneymaking; remunerative: a lucrative business.
Literary Terms -
1. Setting - most of Europe and the United States.
2.Exposition - Europeans fight to gain control of the chocolate market.
Outline -
Christopher Columbus is offerred chocolate by the Indians while on his last trip home from America. Then chocolate made its way throughout Europe and America where it was transformed in many ways to become a very high commodity. Most countries couldn't keep up with the demand the people had for chocolate.

Sunday, October 26, 2008

Easter Rising
Michael Patrick MacDonald
comments -
1. "Ireland?" I felt sick at just the thought of it. Ireland was the last place on earth I wanted to see. And now, when I was only calling to borrow money, Grandpa was making me promise I'd use his loan to go there.
2. I couldn't imagine growing up in a place like this instead of Old Colony Project. To me it was like being in a cartoon or a dream. That shade of green I'd never imagined, the bearded goat, the clouds that seemed to move faster than a speeding bus, breaking open to funnel columns of sun, like searchlights that raced across faraway fields.
3. I found out that the Irish didn't really celebrate Saint Paddy's the way they did in Southie but they were starting to bring in the green beer as an American thing, along with the over - the top parades. But corned beef, Oweney told me, was basically meat you might feed the dog.
4. Minuted after we got onto the bus, Ma let out a big sigh."My God, they're really not over it, huh?" In my community work with mothers whose kids had died, I'd learned that talk of getting "over it" was just about the worst thing they could ever hear from friends who didn't have a clue.
5. Just moments before getting out of the car for the church, when I saw Ma still had her accordian slung over her shoulder. I had wanted to ask,"What the hell are you going to do with that on Easter Sunday?" But I no longer had to. I understood that you never know when you'll need to give whatever you've got to give.
questions -
1. Why was Michael so against going to Ireland when his Grandfather suggested it?
2. Why did Michael say he couldn't imagine groweing up in a place like Ireland?
3. Why did Ma bring the accordian to play for strangeres in Ireland?
4. Why didn't Ma feel the connection os loss with the mothers of Ireland who had lost children of their own?
vocabulary -
1. mesmerized -page 188 to hypnotize.
2. elaborate -page 231 worked out with great care and nicety of detail; executed with great minuteness.
3. bamboozled -page 231 to deceive or get the better of (someone) by trickery, flattery, or the like; humbug; hoodwink
literary terms -
1. setting - Ireland, specifically, Kery, Donegal and Castleisland.
2 .exposition - Michael takes his mother to Ireland to see their herritage ands relatives.
outline -
Michael and Ma go to Ireland and visit with and meet relatives for the first time. Michael finds a connection to his family and their homeland that he never dreamed was possible. He also was able to bond and come to have a better understanding of his mother and her ways.
Easter Rising
By Michael Patrick MacDonald
comments -
1. After Kevin died, I wasn't afraid of death anymore. Eight months after Frankie's death, we were told that Kevin had hung himself in jail. Though Ma didn't believe that, because she said a cop on Whitey's payroll had visited him the night before he was found dead outside his cell.
2. All my life I had struggled with the answers to the question,"How many are in your family?" and it wasn't getting any easier. My mother had lost the baby, Patrick a year before I was born, but we always included him in the count. Since we thought of him as a kind of guardian sibling.
3.On the sluggish trolley race home, all I could think about was that I'd never before seen just how ugly the world was.
4. I was looking at my father for the first time. Ma said he'd come to see me when I was a baby, but I was nineteen now and he hadn't come to see me since. I knew I was looking at him for the last time too. And no matter how hard I tried, I couldn't see the resemblance to myself.
5. "Jesus Christ, what the hell did you go over there for with no money?" Ma wasn't yelling at me, she was just screaming to me since I was all the way across the Atlantic. Ma always yelled through phone lines, but whenever I called her long distance I had to pull the phone away from my ear.
questions -
1. What made Michael's family think Kevin's death was not a suicide?
2. Why didn't Michael try harder to prove that George Fox was his real father after George's sister denied him at the wake?
3. What made Michael leave so suddenly for the trip to Europe?
4. Why didn't Michael tell his family before he took off for England?
vocabulary -
1. condolences -page 129 Sympathy with a person who has experienced pain, grief, or misfortune.
2. trudging - page 168 a laborious or tiring walk.
3. labyrinth -page 170 an intricate combination of paths or passages in which it is difficult to find one's way or to reach the exit.
literary terms -
1. settings - Home, the funeral parlor and church in Dorchester and Europe, mostly England.
2. exposition - Kevin's death, then his natural father's death causes Michael to rethink his goals once again.
outline -
Kevin dies under suspicious circumstances, then Michael's "real' father George dies and Michael has to come face to face with a stranger that oddly looks exactly like him. All the strress makes Michael want to get as far away from home and family as possible. Michael packs his bags and with little money heads off to Europe. While in England he looks up family and also is able to see punk bands he only dreamed of seeing.

Saturday, October 25, 2008

Easter Rising
By Michael Patrick MacDonald
comments -
1. The last time I saw Frankie I was walking up Dorchester street, returning home from a long stretch in New York. Only two minutes out of the subway station and staring at the sidewalk, I was in a good mood imagining my future life in New York.
2. Frankie was a big fish in Southie, a star liked by everyone. Every time he saw me even though he no longer complained about my looking " f****d up, " he still stared at me like I was an alien.
3. I never saw Frankie again after that afternoon. It was my secret when people recounted their stories about the last time they saw Frankie.
4. I'd taken my final GED test just before Frankie died. I'd been feeling on track with my goals, but now all I could do to get away from the constant questions in my family about the robbery was wander.
5. I didn't mention the robbery to any of my friends; it was a Southie thing they would never understand. Those who'd read about it in the papers, I imagined, either didn't connect it to me or didv't know what to say. What do you say to someone whose brother was just killed while robbing a bank?
questions -
1. Why didn't the MacDonald brothers trty to do things together? I seemed the only closeness they had was through tragedy.
2. Why would Frankie get involved in a robbery when he had such a promising boxing career?
3. Why did Michael feel that he couldn't talk about his family or his problems with his friends?
4. Why did Michael feel the need to keep his last meeting with Frankie a secret?
vocabulary -
1. danceteria - page123 Is a term used to reference a night club.
2. scenester - page122 a person who is part of an artistic or social "scene"; also, a person who tries to fit into a "scene"
3. assertion - page127 a positive statement or declaration, often without support or reason.
literary terms -
setting- The subway in Boston, and Andrew Square area of Southie. exposition - Michael learn of Frankie's death rigfht after seeing him on the street when he came from the subway.
outline -
Michael tries to get his life on track by taking his GED. Then tragedy hits his family again with the death of his brother Frankie during a bank robbery. This adds on to Michael's already growing scence of frustration and anxiety. It also puit his dreams on hold of having a better life.
Easter Rising
By Michael Patrick MacDonald
comments -
1. I hadn't slept in two days because I had to help Kevin hide out from Ma and from the cops who'd come to the door to ask about him.
2. "God, what was up with that white - trash yahoo you were talking to?" Rona asked. "Just a neighbor," I said not thinking. "You're from Southie?" she asked."Well, um... I used to be" I hesitated. "More like the border between Southie and Dorchester.
3. "In what way does everything look different?' The admissions lady asked me. I didn't want to tell her how it felt to come from Southie and what it would be like to go back home. I just told her that things made me worried in Boston seemed okay here and I didn't have to worry about any of it.
4. "Forget about it now," Grandpa kept repeating, even though I wasn't the one bringing it up. "Forget it ever happened at all." That's what he'd been saying every time I visited him in the City Point condo be'd been living in alone since Nana died. He said I should get on with my life, tell no one about Frankie getting killed in a bank heist. He said to forget I was from the projects, even though I still lived there.
5.I had spent years trying to find a life beyond Old Colony, and now after Frankie died, I felt guilty for not having been close to my family.
Questions -
1. Why didn't Mike tell any other family members that Kevin was hiding in his room when he left him alone to go to New York?
2. Why didn't Michael stop his friends from stealing from Whitey's store, when he knew how dangerous it was?
3. Why would Michael's grandfather tell him to forget about his own brothers death and where he came from?
4. Why did the family lie about the way Frankie died when it was in the paperws and on the news?
vocabulary -
1.contradictions -page116 A denial.
2. depictions - page116 to represent or characterize in words; describe.
3. catacomb -page125 an underground passageway, esp. one full of twists and turns.
literay terms -
setting - New York City, the Ratclub and Grandpa's condo in City Point.
exposition - kevin tries to steal a car and ends up hurt and on the run from the police. Michael hides him in his room.
outline -
Michael is spending a lot more time in New York until his brother Frankie dies during a bank robbery. Now Michael feels he needs to spend more time at home with his family and his Grandfather, who tells him he has to move on past the tragedy.